Treatment of acute renal failure at the early stage of development is directed on liquidation of the shock. Also diuretics and anticoagulants are often prescribed. Balanced and healthy nutrition plays an important role as well: a low-protein diet with daily energy value no more than 1500-2000 kcal is advised. Among other medicinal preparations used to treat acute renal failure are anabolics and polyvitaminic preparations. In case of infectious complications antibiotics are prescribed.
To normalize diuresis it is necessary to maintain an optimum balance of a liquid in the organism of a patient suffering from renal failure. Liquid is taken either orally, or intravenously. It is important not to overdose the amount of liquid because it can increase hydremia and can become the reason of water poisoning.
Disintoxication therapy (haemodialysis, hemofiltration, peritoneal dialysis, hemosorption) is necessary, if acute renal failure (ARF) is caused by intoxication of the organism. Then, ARF treatment is focused on restoration of water and electrolytic balance (for normal diuresis). In case of dehydration sodium chloridum, plasma, albuminum, glucose are used, together with increased consumption of water. Electrolits (potassium, sodium chloridum) are very helpful in normalizing electrolytic balance. Food rich in potassium is necessary to prevent hypokalemia.
Treatment of chronic renal failure (CRF) includes conservative therapy (diet, disintoxication), dialysis and kidney transplantation. The diet should be based on food with low amount of proteins and rich in fats, carbohydratesm and vitamins. Daily consumption of water should be not less than 1500-2000 ml. It is recommended to inject solution of sodium carbonate, glucose, and sodium chloridum.
At the late stages of CRF such methods of a dialysis are applied: constant peritoneal dialysis, haemodialysis. The terminal stage of chronic renal failure that has developed on the background of chronic pyelonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, polycystosis of kidneys, and hydronephrosis, is the indication for transplantation of a kidney.